Over and Out, for now..

Having never actually brought this blog to a close, it was brought to my attention last week whilst interviewing for this year's volunteers that I should really give a finishing summary of how things ended up.  So here I am, back in Scotland in April 2010, again tasked with the challenges of consultancy engineering and now four months on from the end of the PRODECI placement.

In the past months I have given interviews to magazines and written some reports for my various sponsors about my time in Ecuador, so now for any online readers still out there, I now aim to provide a concise debrief from a very enjoyable and successful six months!

Community Footbridge, Pamplona, Intag
Article from Bridge Design and Engineering (March 2010) click here

In 1997, the El Niño weather phenomenon caused massive floods throughout Ecuador. In Pamplona, Intag, an important footbridge was washed away: separating the community in two halves. The community quickly rebuilt a structure in its place from felled tree logs and local timber, which after twelve years had deteriorated and become unstable.

After some years of requests for funding, the community secured funds for a new footbridge from the Inter American Development Bank. The community sought help from the NGO PRODECI, who provided the president with a design of a standard footbridge that had been produced by Ecuadorian engineers some years earlier. Without the engineering capabilities, PRODECI could offer only very limited help.

In the summer months (April-October) the Rio Pamplona has shallow parts where it is possible to cross by wading. The majority of the children who attend the community school live on the other side of the river, and crossed each day in this manner. In winter (November-March) the river becomes a torrent, and children were too frightened to cross, so school attendance was dramatically down.

"We cross by going through the water. The bridge has a lot of broken parts on the deck, and we are scared to cross. In winter, we have to use the bridge. Some of us help each other by holding hands"
Child of Pamplona's Primary School

A secondary motive to replace the bridge was to improve links for agriculture, which is essential to the community in Pamplona. In the winter months cattle cannot cross the river, and produce can’t easily be brought over the river.

Mountainous Landscape and Tropical Climate of Pamplona, Intag

Mules are commonly used for transportation in the steep terrain,

in this case to bring deck timbers down from the mountainside

Over the course of three months, I took on the project management of the footbridge, first reviewing and modifying the standard bridge design to suit the site conditions, then producing construction drawings, and buying the remaining materials and tools needed. I contracted a skilled labourer to oversee the construction of footings and concrete columns, and to teach the local community basic construction methods. This proved beneficial in later stages where the men of the community constructed all of the remaining bridge works: gabion baskets, concreting and earthworks to stabilize river embankments, then installation of the cable and deck.

The successful completion of the bridge has given the community a secure crossing over the Rio Pamplona. The provision of this bridge should result in improved education levels with higher primary school attendance and a betterment of the local economy, especially due to the ability of farmers to cross with produce.


"The solidarity shown by EWB-UK has made the people from Pamplona gain incentive and promote themselves. As well as the technical aspects, the volunteers have considered the human aspects. The people are sharing the communal work, they are taking their children to see what is being built, and they are seeing that the whole scene is changing completely. More than anything the children are happy to have a safe place to cross, after being abandoned for so many years"

Ruth Almeida, Coordinator of Intag Area for PRODECI

Community members "test-load" their new suspension footbridge

Intag´s Water: In-Depth

The following is a summary of my notes that were taken during meetings and site visits in my first week working in Intag. I was accompanied by my project manager, Ian, and our skilled agronomist & off road driver, Paul, during the four day trip. Each community has an elected president who joined us in the meetings with the residents, where the purpose was to discuss the successes and failures of water supply systems that were installed over the past years by various contracted engineers.

San Luis, 28 July 2009
The first community meeting, held in the local school, was a positive one. After introductions the residents informed us how their water system was functioning well, they were chlorinating the reservoir tank regularly, and they were effectively managing the maintenance of the system. Each household in this community contributes $1.50 per month which is shared between the maintenance operator, and a contingency kitty for materials and repairs.

The residents told how they had noticed an improvement in health in their children, who had previously consumed water contaminated with parasites. School attendance was up and an improvement in general health was noted.

The main obstacle facing the continued success of the San Luis water system centres on preserving the land surrounding the spring capture. At present a 400 sq.m perimeter protects the spring, within which no deforestation is permitted. The community has agreed to purchase a larger area of land above the spring in order that the landowner cannot cut down the trees that are crucial to the longevity of the water spring.

Don Carlos, the landowner, has agreed to the purchase... subject to the condition he can cut down his one last prize tree that towers over the slopes below. How to attach a cash value to a tree, considering its massive value to the community, is a discussion that will continue.

Santa Rosa, 29 July 2009
On the drive from Nangulvi Ian noted the development that has taken place even since this time last year. Santa Rosa is no longer a 6 hour walk from the nearest parking place, with the construction of a new road allowing us to reach far closer and take a 1 hour walk in. New electricity lines have been constructed over recent years and it seems clear that quality of life here is improving with these advances.

The water system in Santa Rosa is functioning reasonably well, save that sedimentation and blockage from leaves seems to be an issue during winter. We suggested some improvements at the spring capture point that should improve things.

Barrio Nuevo, 30 July 2009
A small meeting in the primary school with the teachers and the system operator highlighted some problems. Whilst there was adequate flow entering the system, those households upsteam found themselves without water for long periods during each day. Word had got to the school that one downsteam household was leaving the tap open for entire days at a time in order to water the crops and the cattle.

In a system that is designed specifically for treated water for human consumption, the social side to engineering solutions is key. To ensure shared responsibility and accountability, each household´s use is metered. We visited the accused household and were welcomed in to have a look around.

After a bit of a chat Ian demonstrated that leaving the downsteam tap open, due to its higher pressure, meant that households upsteam would be without water. After we checked their meter and did some quick calculations the household were surprised to find they had used 8 years worth of water in 1 year. Encouraging monthly monitoring by the system operator should ensure that this does not happen in future, and that households are collectively responsible for the water they consume.

Quinde Km 18, 31st July 2009
There are two systems installed at Quinde but only one currently in operation. With its higher altitude of 9000ft the climate here is cooler and the cloudforest means that little sunlight gets through during the day. After a meeting in a chilly local hall with Don Aurelio and Don Segundo we visited the systems and noted the main issues they were having.

Some resistance to chlorinating was evident, which meant that the water quality was not much better than had been supplied previously. Part of the reason for this was the misunderstanding that white bubbles in their water was, in fact, due to turbulence and dissolved air, not as a result of treating with chlorine. It was pointed out to the residents that swimming pools are clear as crystal, and that chlorinating in other villages had resulted in a marked improvement in health.

The second system was capturing sufficient water at its inlet but delivered next to nothing to its reservoir tank. This was a result of the construction of a new autopista highway, whose construction had caused ruptures and leaks in the pipe at various locations.

Back in the Office...
The plan for the coming weeks will involve further studies on these water systems and the design and construction of improvements where necessary. What is encouraging is the dedication of the maintenance operators and the committment of each of the communities to understand how their system functions, and the processes they need to put in place to ensure their sustainability.

Bienvenido a Intag

On the recently constructed road into Santa Rosa. Sunhat and sunblock are mandatory
for the fierce Equatorial Sunshine.

Before heading up North to begin the development projects, 24th July was marked by city-wide celebrations for national patron Simon Bolivar, liberator of Ecuador from Spanish rule. The celebrations coincided with my second last night in the city, and my third last night as a 23 year old. This gave me good reason to join the Ecuadorians and begin celebrations in an open top bus through the old city, followed by a weekend of traditional and modern parties.

Ibarra is a far smaller city than Quito, it has a warmer climate due to its lesser altitude, and affords its inhabitants the priviledge of abundant clean air, which was too often lacking in the congested capital. On arrival I was taken to my apartment by the past president of PRODECI who shared a coffee with me and welcomed me to the city.

The office of PRODECI is a base for all fifteen of the foundation´s various engineers, agronomists, and educational and healthcare professionals. I spent the day on Monday getting to know them during some meetings, lunch, and then after work where they kindly presented me with a birthday cake. My first impressions are of a well equipped team with dedicated and competent professionals working on a variety of projects to improve the quality of life of communities in various provinces in Northern Ecuador.

I spent the remainder of the week working in Intag, which is a remote and sparsely populated mountainous region about a three hour drive from Ibarra. We have an apartment in Nangulvi where I stayed for four days, every day traversing the mountain slopes in 4x4 vehicles which are necessary to cover the rocky roads between villages.

The majority of my work this week has involved travelling between the various villages and having meetings to get to know the communities and talk with them about their water supplies. I have been fortunate to work with Ian Baggs, my EWB project manager, who worked here last year for six months on water projects. He is a great source of knowledge on the multitude of problems and solutions in water supply systems.

Meetings in the office last week were also very informative. It looks like PRODECI have a number of additional engineering projects that will need my input, including design of a hydroelectric renewable energy scheme, the design and construction of a replacement bridge at a strategic river crossing, and a number of school buildings and water supply systems as were previously planned.

I´m looking forward to working with PRODECI on these projects. Meeting the beneficiaries, assessing the social impacts, and then designing and constructing these schemes allows me to have a far more direct and immediate impact than would have been possible from an office in the UK.

View from the open top bus on route through Quito´s Old Town. Simon Bolivar Day.

At Cuicocha lake below Volcano Cotacachi, reputed highest active Volcano on Earth. Near Intag.
With Ruth Almeida, Ex-Presidenta of PRODECI.

Ian and I chat with Don Aurelio at a spring capture point. Don Aurelio is president of Quinde whose community are having problems with a poorly constructed water supply scheme built some years back by an Ecuadorian engineer.
Development gone wrong. We aim to fix that.

On the left you can see a buried water pipeline. A few months ago a landslide caused the ground surrounding it to slide away and here you can see the crater that remains.
The water supply scheme is in good working operation.